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Tawa (dinosaur)
''Tawa'' (named after the Hopi word for the Puebloan sun god) is a genus of theropod dinosaur from the Late Triassic period. Its remain were found in the Hayden Quarry of Ghost Ranch, New Mexico, USA. The discovery of ''Tawa'' alongside the relatives of ''Coelophysis ''and ''Herrerasaurus'' supports the hypothesis that the earliest dinosaurs arose in Gondwana during the Late Triassic period in what is now South America, and radiated around the globe from there. The specific name honours Ruth Hall, founder of the Ghost Ranch Museum of Paleontology.〔.〕
==Description==
''Tawa'' was estimated to have been 2 m (6.5 ft) long, almost 75 cm at the hips. Other estimates suggest that ''Tawa'' weighed at most.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.dinochecker.com/dinosaurs/ZUPAYSAURUS )〕 The holotype, a juvenile individual, cataloged GR 241, consists of a mostly complete but disarticulated skull, forelimbs, the pectoral girdle, a partial vertebral column, hindlimbs, the pelvic girdle, ribs, and gastralia. The determination was made that this specimen is a juvenile based on the presence of an open braincase and unfused neurocentral sutures.〔 An isolated femur, GR 244, suggests that adults were at least 30% larger than the juvenile holotype. ''Tawa'' preserves characters that can be associated with different dinosaur taxa. Its skull morphology resembles that of coelophysoids and the illium approximates that of a herrerasaurid. Like the coelophysoids, ''Tawa'' has a kink in its upper jaws, between the maxilla and the premaxilla. With respect to limb proportion, the femur is very long compared to the tibia. A neck vertebrae adaptation in ''Tawa'' supports the hypothesis that cervical air sacs predate the origin of the taxon Neotheropoda and may be ancestral for Saurischians, and also links the dinosaurs with the evolution of birds. Compared to earlier dinosaurs like'' Herrerasaurus ''and ''Eoraptor'', ''Tawa'' had a relatively slender build.
The following were assigned as paratypes: a nearly complete skeleton (GR 242); femora, pelvis and tail (GR 155); and cervical vertebrae (GR 243).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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